An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is the first sell of shares to the public by a company. Through IPO, for the first time the owners of a public limited company give up part of that ownership to the public and become listed to the Stock Exchanges.

Rights Issue (RI) is when a listed company proposes to issue fresh securities to its existing shareholders as on a record date. The rights are normally offered in a particular ratio to the number of securities held prior to the issue. This way is best suited for companies who would like to raise capital without diluting stake of its existing shareholders unless they do not intend to subscribe to their entitlements.

Any company making a public issue, bond issue or a listed company making a rights issue or repeat public offering is required to file a draft offer document with BSEC for its approval. The company can proceed further on the issue only after getting approval from BSEC.

BSEC does not recommend any issue nor does take any responsibility either for the financial soundness of any scheme or the project for which the issue is proposed to be made or for the correctness of the statements made or opinions expressed in the offer document.

A company, which has good financial record goes public to raise capital for financing business plans, capital expenditures, and growth opportunities.

The price is normally based on the company’s financial statements, income stream, as well as considering the similar share price in the market and current market conditions. The issue manager must determine a fair offering price which takes into consideration the need for the company to raise capital while offering the new issue at a price which represents a fair value of the shares.

When a company raises capital against a coupon rate by private placement to eligible investors is called bond issue or debt issue through private placement. The advantage of bond issue is the lower coupon rate than bank loan coupon rate.

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